ANTHRAX, PENYAKIT YANG MUNCUL KEMBALI DI BEBERAPA TEMPAT DI INDONESIA

Anthrax  disease  is a member  of zoonoses  group, causesd  by Bacillus anthracis, geographically  distributed   in  nine  provinces   of Indonesia:   Jambi,  Jakarta,  West  Java,  Central  Java, West Nusatenggara,   East Nusatenggara,   South Sulawesi,   Southeast  Sulawesi  and Irian Jay a. However,  during the last decade,  there is no reported  case of anthrax  from Jambi,  Jakarta, and lrian  Jaya,  but the risk of  re-emerging  of anthrax  have to be considered.   Beside  anthrax  in human,  this disease  can be found also in cattle,  buffalo,  horse,  goat, sheep  and ostrich  bird. Anthrax  surveillance  in livestock  during the year of 1996-   2001 period  showed  that anthrax always re-emerged   except  in 1998.  In Central  Java,  its re-appeared   in  1996,   1997   and  1998. In West  Nusatenggara  anthrax   re-emerged   yearly  except  in  1998   and    in  2000.  In  East Nusatenggara  as well as in Southeast  Sulawesi  anthrax used to be re-emerged   yearly. In South Sulawesi,   anthrax  only  re-appeared   in  1998 and  in 2000.  The number  of anthrax  in animal from all anthrax endemic  areas were  173  cases  in 1996,   251 cases  in 1997,   17 cases  in 1998, 273  cases  in  1999,  332 cases  in 2000  and  228  cases  in 2001.  Anthrax  among  the  human population  in Indonesia  were 51  cases  in 1996, without  any death  as well as in  1997 were 24 cases,  in  1998  were  20 cases,  and  in 2000  were  34 cases.  One  death  out of 55  cases  was occurred  in  1999 which  happened   in  Manggarai  district,   East  Nusatenggara   province,  and four death  out of 23 cases  were occurred  in 2001  that happened  in Bogor  district,  West Java province.