Internet of Energy: Opportunities, applications, architectures and challenges in smart industries

Abstract The Internet of Energy (IoE) transforms energy production, supply, and consumption to fulfill high energy demands via intelligent automation of industrial energy producers and consumers. This paper emphasizes the concept of the IoE in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) perspective in order to ensure productivity, control, reduced cost, real-time decision making and monitoring, customer satisfaction, and innovative experience. Furthermore, industrial applications and requirements for optimizing performance, transmission, and consumption for efficient energy utilization and increased productivity have also been discussed. Industrial services, technologies, prerequisites, and application requirements are focused on outlining the architectural framework for achieving net-zero energy efficiency, applicability, and limitations. The taxonomy of communication layer protocols is discussed, compared, and evaluated in depth along with their limitations, to help with pre-technology implementations. Moreover, open challenges such as middleware, mobility, data integrity, and scalability are also discussed in depth with their potential solutions.