Target sequencing of cancer-related genes in early esophageal squamous neoplasia resected by endoscopic resection in Japanese patients

// Shoji Kobayashi 1 , Tatsuya Yamaguchi 1 , Shinya Maekawa 1 , Shinichi Takano 1 , Toru Kuno 1 , Keisuke Tanaka 1 , Yuya Tsukui 1 , Fumihiko Iwamoto 1 , Takashi Yoshida 1 , Yukiko Asakawa 1 , Mitsuharu Fukasawa 1 , Yasuhiro Nakayama 1 , Taisuke Inoue 1 , Tomoyoshi Uetake 1 , Minoru Sakamoto 1 , Masahiko Ohtaka 1 , Tadashi Sato 1 and Nobuyuki Enomoto 1 1 First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan Correspondence to: Shinya Maekawa, email: maekawa@yamanashi.ac.jp Keywords: next generation sequencing; early esophageal squamous neoplasia; cancer-related gene mutation; copy number variation Received: March 26, 2018      Accepted: October 24, 2018      Published: December 04, 2018 ABSTRACT Background and Aims : Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed a great deal about cancer-related somatic changes in esophageal squamous cell neoplasia; however, the changes in the very early stages remain unclear. Results : TP53 (87%) and CDKN2A (20%) hot spot mutations were frequently found in early lesions. TP53 was the most common mutation (LGIN/HGIN, 86%; EP, 83%; LPM, 95%; MM/SM1, 80%), followed by CDKN2A (29%, 28%, 16% and 10%, respectively); the frequency of other mutations increased as the disease advanced ( p < 0.01). Copy number variation analysis revealed copy number aberrations in multiple genes, including PIK3CA amplification (48%). NGS was superior to p53 immunostaining for detecting TP53 mutations (74% vs. 87%); in combination, the two tests improved detectability to 94%. Clinically, smoking was associated with the occurrence of TP53 mutations in these early lesions ( p = 0.049). Materials and Methods : Fifty-four early esophageal neoplasia lesions from 47 patients treated by endoscopic resection (low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia [LGIN], n = 1; high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia [HGIN] n = 7; invasion limited to epithelium [EP/M1], n = 18; lamina propria mucosae [LPM/M2], n = 19; muscularis mucosae [MM/M3], n = 8; and upper third of the SM [SM1], n = 2) were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by laser-capture microdissection. Target sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes was performed with an Ion Proton sequencer; their association with the clinical characteristics was investigated. Conclusions : Mutations of TP53 and CDKN2A , and PIK3CA amplification were common in early esophageal squamous neoplasia, while other mutations accumulated with disease progression. An understanding of these molecular events might provide a molecular basis for early lesion treatment.