Removal of heavy metals from waste water treatment using composite nanomaterials – A Review

With the rapid industrial and textile development, the increasing heavy metal ions concentration in water streams has caused serious environmental problems all over the world. Removal of heavy elements and its techniques in India of earth is a biotechnological process which has been used for more than five decades for wastewater treatment. It is generally agreed that removal of heavy metals from drinking and industries side effluent waters are important part of the system, however, the direct role of plants is usually restricted to plant uptake of nutrients and heavy metals. This study analysis the review of removal of heavy metals by using biosynthesized NPs, by various electro analytical methods such as Potentiometry, amperometry, coulometry, atomic spectrometry and voltammetry available for harvest and removal. The survey revealed that the amount of heavy metals accumulated in the earth represents often only small fraction of the inflow annual load but in some studies, this fraction is quite high, especially for zinc, Lead and mercury. The amount of heavy metals sequestered in the NPS as a fraction of total removed heavy metal in the constructed in earth land is variable with values as high as for lead, for mercury or zinc in some studies. However, there is still a large gap in our knowledge on heavy metal accumulation in aboveground earth surface, namely the conditions that would promote heavy metal uptake and subsequent translocation to prepared NPs. Keywords: Biocompatibility, carbon compounds, cytotoxicity, diamond, optical materials, ater