국가연구개발사업의 공공가치 개념 도입방안

Along with the economic and social development in Korea, the national R&D programs has focused on not only economic, industrial, and commercial values but also those for basic research, environmental technologies, and social welfare which private firms rarely carry out. Public value become increasingly an important end of innovation in USA and Europe, and also in Korea national R&D puts more emphasis on public value. From this point of view, this study aims to examine the current application of public value in national R&D plan and programs of Korea and to make policy suggestions for applying the notion of public value to Korean R&D programs properly. For this purpose, firstly, this study provides rationale for employing the notion of public value and suggest the basic directions for its application by reviewing the concept and theories. Secondly, this study examines foreign and domestic cases of public value application and draws implications. Foreign cases include the US, UK, Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. For domestic case studies this study scrutinizes the programs for broadcasting, agriculture and rural economy, and public welfare and security. Thirdly, this study carries out analyses for applying the notion of public value at the levels of (1) national R&D agenda and plan (the national basic plan for science and technology), (2) national R&D planning and evaluation process, (3) related rules and guidelines, and (4) a specific R&D program, and provide some suggestions for policy improvement. This study, especially by placing emphasis on the analyses below, raises policy issues and provides policy recommendations for the application of public value. First, at the levels of (1) national R&D agenda and plan (the national basic plan for science and technology), it focuses mainly on scientific/technological and economic performance. Therefore, the notions of public value should be reflected more in the national basic plan for science and technology which contains the highest-level plans and directions for national R&D programs. At the national R&D planning and evaluation process, the evaluation criteria in preliminary feasibility test are centered around economic, technological, and policy feasibility. Hence, the notion of public value should be more included in the evaluation criteria by reforming the process, and moreover the weighting of public value should be increased for R&D programs of public technology development where public value are emphasized. At the level of rules and guidelines, qualitative evaluation recently has been more emphasized, however, the evaluation indices for social performance which is closely related with public value are mixed with those for economic values in the evaluation criteria for the national R&D programs. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the indices for performance evaluation criteria and to revise the indices from the viewpoints of public value in the scientific, technological, economic, social, and infra-structural performances. The results from the analysis of individual programs (such as R&D programs in the health and welfare area), performance evaluation indices have not been well developed according to different types of programs and projects at the individual programs level. For instance, the social influence of new technology developments can be different according to different sub areas such as vaccination, prescription, treatment, and rehabilitation. Therefore, different evaluation measures for different influences in terms of public values must be considered. Lastly, the authors point out that this study attempts to provide policy suggestions to solve out policy problems beyond merely summarizing literature and exploring new research issues/methods. Also, the authors hope that this study can contribute to the well-working of the original nature and role of national R&D programs by suggesting that public values should be considered more for national R&D programs of Korea.