Principle and design of emission control systems

Abstract This chapter treats the principle and design considerations of emission control systems for use in marine and automotive applications. Primarily, air pollutants contained in the exhaust gas (NOx SOx, particulate matter [PM], CO2, etc.) are described. Subsequently, explanations of combustion calculations relating to liquid and solid fuels and NOx, SOx, and PM formations by combustion are presented. The following topics are described: NOx control, such as in selective catalytic reduction, selective noncatalytic NOx reduction using nonthermal plasma (NTP), diesel particulate-NOx reduction, and exhaust gas recirculation. Next, SOx control methods such as wet and dry methods are explained. Regarding PM control, a reverse cleaning regeneration system using compressed air for a ceramic diesel particulate filter is introduced as an example of a commercial product currently available in the market. The subsequent section focuses on PM2.5, especially on its fundamental behaviors, components, and measurement method. Finally, the fundamentals of environmental protection engineering are also described for enhanced understanding of that field. Furthermore, the fundamentals of NTP NOx and PM removal, power electronics for plasma generation, and ozone applications are described.