The future development of district heating in Gothenburg
2016
Goteborg Energi is the sole provider of district heat in the Gothenburg region in
Sweden. By the year 2030, the generation of heat in Gothenburg is planned to be
free of fossil fuels. The plans include the construction of a biomass-fuelled combined
heat and power plant and an increased use of bio gas. These plans are already set,
but there are many possible additional measures that could be implemented in the
district heating system that will help to meet the targets set for 2030. However,
the future is hard to predict and it may be difficult to choose which measures to
implement.
In order to assess the possible measures to be implemented, an optimisation study
through the software GAMS has been performed in this thesis: a model of the generation
of district heating in Gothenburg has been created and 4 different scenarios
where measures to decrease total system running costs have been implemented by
the year 2032 have been studied. These measures are: seasonal thermal energy
storage, thermal energy storage in buildings, thermal energy storage in a hot water
accumulator tank and an increased use of exhaust air heat pumps in buildings. The
district heating system is affected by the electric system in several ways through the
price of electricity. In the future, when more electricity is generated from intermittent
sources such as wind or solar, the price of electricity will be fluctuating and the
district heating system must be able to handle these fluctuations. The optimisation
is performed on an hourly basis and includes hourly prices for electricity that have
been previously simulated for 2032.
It was found that it is possible to achieve a fossil-free generation of heat in Gothenburg
by 2032. The studied measures all give system cost savings in the form of
reduced running costs. By introducing thermal energy storage in the district heating
system, substantial savings in running costs can be achieved, as well as reduced
heat load variations on both daily and seasonal levels. By using buildings as thermal
energy storage, similar cost savings as for an accumulator tank can be achieved, but
at much lower investment cost. A seasonal thermal energy storage will give large
cost savings and heavily reduced heat load variations, but at a very high investment
cost. With an increased amount of exhaust air heat pumps in buildings, the total
running costs of the heat generation system can be reduced. However, these heat
pumps will give a small increase in heat load variation on a system level.
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