Origin of abrupt decrease in carrier activation at heavily Nb-doped anatase Ti 1-x Nb x O 2+ epitaxial thin films

Origin of abrupt decrease in carrier activation at heavily Nb-doped anatase Ti1-xNbxO2+ epitaxial thin films Akira CHIKAMATSU*, Hiroyuki NOGAWA, Yasushi HIROSE, Shoichiro NAKAO, Toshihiro SHIMADA, Hiroshi KUMIGASHIRA, Masaharu OSHIMA, Tetsuya HASEGAWA Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan