Sífilis bucal en una serie de pacientes VIH- positivos en Cartagena, Colombia
2021
espanolIntroduccion: las infecciones de transmision sexual (ITS), son afecciones que se contagian por contacto sexual. La sifilis es una de ellas, cuyo agente causal es la bacteria Treponema Pallidum. Se manifiesta de diferentes formas, clasificandose en sifilis primaria, secundaria, terciaria y congenita. El Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), ataca y destruye las celulas CD4, que forma parte del sistema inmunologico y favorece la aparicion de infecciones, algunas de ellas con la misma forma de contagio. El objetivo de este articulo es describir las manifestaciones orales de infeccion por sifilis, en pacientes VIH positivos. Serie de casos: serie de casos, con descripcion de siete pacientes VIH positivos quienes desarrollaron lesiones orales sugestivas de sifilis. Se les realizo evaluacion clinica, examen estomatologico, pruebas serologicas de VDRL y FTA-ABS para el diagnostico de sifilis. Los resultados se expresan en frecuencia y porcentaje. De los 7 pacientes, 2 fueron femeninos y 5 masculinos. El 100% de los casos correspondian a estadio secundario. Las zonas afectadas fueron: borde lingual, seguido de cara ventral de lengua y paladar blando. La lesion elemental mas frecuente fue la papula en un 71.42% (5 pacientes). Conclusiones: a pesar de que cada vez hay mas reportes que referencian la interaccion de infeccion por VIH y sifilis, sigue siendo un reto el diagnostico correcto y oportuno de estas patologias por su presentacion atipica. Es importante generar mas reportes y seguir estudiando otras manifestaciones presentes, para asi estar mejor capacitados como Odontologos y poder brindar una mejor atencion a cada paciente, evitando asi el contagio y la propagacion de estas enfermedades. EnglishIntroduction: sexually transmitted diseases are infections that are commonly spread through sexual contact. syphilis is one of them, its causal agent is the bacterium Treponema Pallidum. Syphilis has variable manifestations; therefore, it can be classified as Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Congenital. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), attacks and destroys CD4 cells, which are part of the immune system and favor the appearance of infections, some of them with the same form of infection. The objective was to describe the oral manifestations in HIV positive patients diagnosed with syphilis. Case series: seven HIV positive patients who developed oral lesions consistent with Syphilis infection were evaluated. A complete stomatological examination, recompilation of clinical record, serological tests of VDRL and FTA-ABS were performed for the diagnosis of Syphilis. Out of 7 patients, 2 were female and 5 were male. All the male patients were homosexual and did not have a stable partner. When evaluating the oral manifestations, 100% corresponded to the secondary stage of syphilis infection. The most affected areas were the lateral border of the tongue; followed by the ventral surface of the tongue and the soft palate. Conclusions: although there are more and more reports that refer to the interaction of HIV infection and syphilis, the correct and timely diagnosis of these pathologies is still a challenge due to their atypical presentation, it is important to generate more reports and continue studying other manifestations present in order to be more trained as Dentists and be able to provide better care to each patient, thus avoiding the contagion and spread of this disease.
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