Ultrafast Discharge and Enhanced Energy Density of Polymer Nanocomposites Loaded with 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 One-Dimensional Nanofibers

One-dimensional (1D) materials as fillers introduced into polymer matrixes have shown great potential in achieving high energy storage capacity because of their large dipole moments. In this article, 1D lead-free 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 nanofibers (BCZT NFs) were prepared via electrospinning, and their formation mechanism was systematically studied. Polypropylene acyl tetraethylene pentamine (PATP) grafted into the surface of BCZT NFs was embedded in the polymer matrixes, which effectively improved the distribution and compatibility of the fillers via chemical bonding and confined the movement of the charge carriers in the interface filler–matrix. The energy density at a relatively low electric field 380 MV m–1 was increased to 8.23 J cm–3 by small loading of fillers, far more than that of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) (≈ 1.2 J cm–3 at 640 MV m–1). Moreover, the nanocomposite loaded with 2.1 vol % BCZT@PATP NFs exhibits a superior discharge speed of ≈0.189 μs, which indicates the...