Molecular characterization of fast-growing melanomas

Background The rate of growth of primary melanoma is a robust predictor of aggressiveness, but the mutational profile of fast-growing melanomas (FGMM) and the potential to stratify patients at high risk of death has not been comprehensively studied. Objective To investigate the epidemiologic, clinical, and mutational profile of primary cutaneous melanomas with a thickness ≥ 1 mm, stratified by rate of growth. Methods Observational prospective study. Deep-targeted sequencing of 40 melanoma driver genes on formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanoma samples. Comparison of FGMM (rate of growth > 0.5 mm/month) and nonFGMM (rate of growth ≤ 0.5 mm/month). Results Two hundred patients were enrolled, among wom 70 had FGMM. The relapse-free survival was lower in the FGMM group (P = .014). FGMM had a higher number of predicted deleterious mutations within the 40 genes than nonFGMM (P = .033). Ulceration (P = .032), thickness (P = .006), lower sun exposure (P = .049), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations (P = .037) were significantly associated with fast growth. Limitations Single-center study, cohort size, potential memory bias, number of investigated genes. Conclusion Fast growth is linked to specific tumor biology and environmental factors. Ulceration, thickness, and FGFR2 mutations are associated with fast growth. Screening for FGFR2 mutations might provide an additional tool to better identify FGMM, which are probably good candidates for adjuvant therapies.