Cytokine production in PBMC from allergics and non-allergics following in vitro allergen stimulation

Abstract Dysregulation of cytokine production in atopic individuals has previously been clearly demonstrated. In the present study we aimed to assess whether a prolonged in vitro exposure of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC) to allergen would result in a, by time, changed cytokine profile in allergic subjects. Blood was taken from 11 atopic asthmatic subjects and nine healthy non-atopic controls during the birch pollen season. PBMC were stimulated with birch pollen allergen (100, 1000 and 10 000 SQ-U/ml). After different times of exposure (1, 3 and 5 weeks) interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) production was measured. Prior to the IL5 and IFN- γ determinations, PHA was added to the cultures to ensure maximal release of cytokines. The asthmatic group always displayed a lower IFN- γ :IL-5 ratio. Significant differences in ratio between the two groups were observed. Furthermore, PBMC challenged in vitro with 10 000 SQ-U/ml resulted in significantly elevated levels of IL-5 in the asthmatic group compared to the control group when determined after 3 and 5 weeks stimulation. In the asthmatic group the balance between IL-5 and IFN- γ is shifted towards increased IL-5 production following prolonged in vitro stimulation. This might illustrate the in vivo situation, where an increased IL-5 production is of importance in the pathogenesis of asthma.