Regulation of glyceroneogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by fatty acids, retinoic acids and thiazolidinediones: potential relevance to type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Recent studies brought adipocyte glyceroneogenesis back to the fore as an important pathway in fatty acid homeostasis and underlined the key role played by cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) in this pathway. The present review analyses the mechanisms by which a series of hormones and nutrients affect PEPCK-C gene transcription and glyceroneogenesis and describes evidence for disregulation of this pathway in type 2 diabetes.