Ocular Complications After Laser or Light-Based Therapy-Dangers Dermatologists Should Know

Background Laser and light-based technologies have been used in the medical field for over 50 years. In dermatologic and cosmetic practice, cutaneous side effects are commonly discussed; however, ocular injury may also occur. Objective To complete a systematic review of the current literature regarding ocular complications in the dermatologic field after laser and/or light-based therapies. Materials and methods A systematic review of the Medline database was performed in August 2020 using the search terms "laser or light and ocular and complication." The inclusion criteria were articles written in English discussing ocular complications after laser or light-based therapy for dermatologic or cosmetic indications. Results A total of 36 articles were included for review. Carbon dioxide was the most frequently used laser causing ocular damage, and the most common ophthalmologic complication was temporary ectropion. Patients described visual disturbances and pain as the most common symptoms. A large proportion of articles did not report the use of appropriate eye protection at the time of injury. Conclusion Although ocular injury post-laser or light-based procedures are rare, clinicians must be acutely aware of the signs and symptoms associated with eye damage. The informed consent process should thoroughly describe the possibility of ocular complications post-treatment, and medical practices should have appropriate emergency plans and protective equipment in place to decrease both patient and staff risk of injury.