The origins of white-chinned petrels killed by long-line fisheries off South Africa and New Zealand

The white-chinned petrel ( Procellaria aequinoctialis ) is the seabird species most frequently killed by fisheries in the Southern Ocean and is listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources as globally vulnerable. It breeds around the sub-Antarctic, but genetic data identified two subspecies: P. a. aequinoctialis from islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and P. a. steadi from the New Zealand sub-Antarctic islands. We identify the region of origin of birds killed by two long-line fisheries based on differences in the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b . All 113 birds killed off South Africa had the haplotype of P. a. aequinoctialis , whereas all the 60 birds from New Zealand had P. a. steadi haplotypes. The two subspecies of white-chinned petrels thus appear to disperse to different regions irrespective of their age, which accords with the tracking data of adult birds. Our finding has significant implications for managing the bycatch of this species by regional fisheries. Keywords: Fishery bycatch; Procellaria aequinoctialis ; genetic structure; genetic diversity; demographic impact. (Published: 21 June 2016) To access the supplementary material for this article, please see the supplementary file in the column to the right (under Article Tools). Citation: Polar Research 2016, 35 , 21150, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.21150