Factores asociados al éxito en la primera punción o canalización venosa en urgencias pediátricas

espanolObjetivo: conocer la prevalencia de exito en la primera puncion o canalizacion venosa en urgencias pediatricas e identificar los factores asociados al exito. Metodos: estudio analitico transversal. Sujetos de estudio: todos los pacientes que acudieron a urgencias pediatricas del hospital (diciembre a febrero), y necesitaron puncion/canalizacion venosa periferica. Variable de resultado principal: grado de exito tras la primera puncion/canalizacion venosa. Se tuvieron en cuenta factores relacionados con el paciente, con la tecnica y con los profesionales de Enfermeria que la llevaron a cabo. Se realizo un analisis descriptivo y un analisis bivariante. Todos los analisis se efectuaron con niveles de confianza del 95% (P≤ 0,05). Se hizo una regresion logistica. Se registraron las variables que perduraron en el modelo de regresion logistica final mediante el calculo de la odds ratio (OR) (razon de ventajas) y su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Para el analisis se utilizo el paquete estadistico SPSS version 19.0. Resultados: 292 sujetos, 59,6% ninos y 40,4% ninas. Media (DE) de edad 4,58 (4,60) anos. Prevalece la flexura sobre otras localizaciones (61%). En el 50,3% la vena fue no visible, no palpable o ambos. El 47,6% presento factores que dificultaron el procedimiento, principalmente falta de colaboracion (22,2%). Se consiguio el exito de la venopuncion/canalizacion venosa en la primera puncion en el 76,4% de los casos. Los factores predictores del exito en la primera puncion o canalizacion venosa, de mayor a menor odds ratio (OR), fueron: a) tipo de vena visible/palpable (frente a no visible/no palpable) OR 3,691; b) ausencia de factores que dificulten la realizacion del procedimiento (frente a presencia de factores que lo dificulten) OR 3,450; c) tipo de vena no visible/palpable o bien visible/no palpable (frente a no visible/no palpable) OR 3,046. Conclusiones: como conclusion general se puede afirmar que el grado de exito tras la primera puncion o canalizacion venosa en menores de 15 anos atendidos en la urgencia pediatrica fue alto. Los factores asociados al exito, en mayor medida, fueron el tipo de vena y la ausencia de factores que dificultaron el procedimiento. EnglishObjective: to understand the prevalence of success in the first venous puncture or catheterization at the Paediatric Emergency Unit, and to identify the factors associated with success. Methods: a transversal analytical study. The study subjects were all patients attending the Hospital Paediatric Emergency Unit (from December to February), who required peripheral vein puncture / catheterization. The primary outcome variable was the degree of success after the first venous puncture / catheterization. Factors associated with the patient and the technique were taken into account, as well as those related with the Nursing Professionals conducting it. A descriptive analysis and a bivariate analysis were conducted. All analyses were conducted with 95% Confidence Levels (P≤ 0.05). A logistical regression was conducted. There was a record of the persistent variables in the final logistical regression model, through the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI 95%). The statistical package SPSS version 19.0 was used for analysis. Results: the study was conducted on 292 subjects: 59.6% were boys and 40.4% were girls. The mean (SD) age was 4.58 (4.60) years. The bend of the elbow prevailed over other locations (61%). In 50.3% of cases, the vein was not visible, not palpable, or both; 47.6% of cases presented factors that made the procedure difficult, mainly lack of collaboration (22.2%). Success in vein puncture / venous catheterization at first puncture was achieved in 76.4% of cases. The factors predicting success at first venous puncture or catheterization, from higher to lower odds ratio (OR), were: a) visible / palpable type of vein (vs. non-visible / non-palpable) with OR 3.691; b) lack of factors that make it difficult to conduct the procedure (vs. presence of factors that make it difficult) with OR 3.450; c) non-visible / palpable or visible / non-palpable type of vein (vs. non-visible / non-palpable) with OR 3.046. Conclusions: as an overall conclusion, we can state that there was a high degree of success after the first venous puncture or catheterization in