Formation of 1,3-, 2,4-, 1,2-, 1,6-, 1,8- and 1,7- Dinitropyrenes in Metallic Oxides as Soil Components in the Presence of Indoor Air with 1-Nitropyrene and Sodium Chloride Under Xenon Lamp Irradiation

Many chemicals exist in the surface soil and in the urban air. As a result of irradiating sunlight, these chemicals react with each other and form other chemicals of significant toxicity. Pyrene is a substance that shows no mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, chlorinated pyrenes have moderately strong mutagenicity and nitrated pyrenes have strong mutagenicity as well as carcinogenicity. Recent studies have traced these pyrenes in urban air. We have reported that chlorinated pyrenes are produced in soil and in the metallic oxides of soil1 from pyrene with chloride ion, and the crude extract obtained from the metallic oxides of soil showed strong mutagenicity. Mono-nitrated pyrenes are produced from pyrene in the presence of indoor air, nitrogen dioxide gas, nitrite ion or nitrate ion under irradiation by sunlight or xenon lamp. Chloride ion exists everywhere in the soil with a concentra*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Kanagawa Environmental Research Center, 1–3–39 Shinomiya, Hiratsukashi, Kanagawa 254–0014, Japan. Tel.: +81-463-24-3311; Fax: +81-46324-3300; E-mail: sugiyama@eco.k-erc.pref.kanagawa. jp Formation of 1,3-, 2,4-, 1,2-, 1,6-, 1,8and 1,7Dinitropyrenes in Metallic Oxides as Soil Components in the Presence of Indoor Air with 1-Nitropyrene and Sodium Chloride Under Xenon Lamp Irradiation