Transdermal atrial defibrillation with bipolar low-tilt pulses

A transcutaneous technique used to deliver bipolar pulses to the heart through a battery free implant, for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, is reported. A single, symmetrical bipolar waveform with a duration of 3×3 ms and amplitude ±100 V was the most effective of a range of cardioversion protocols evaluated using rectangular, low-tilt pulses; the energy delivered was 1.27 J.