Työssä jatkaminen ja eläkkeelle siirtyminen ikääntyvien työntekijöiden pohdinnoissa

Ikaantyvien tyourien odotetaan pitenevan niin Suomessa kuin kansainvalisesti. Aikaisempi tutkimus on tarkastellut monipuolisesti tyourien pitenemiseen yhteydessa olevia yksilo- ja organisaatiotason tekijoita. Tassa artikkelissa kuvaamme jasenkategorisoinnin analyysin keinoin, millaisina ikaantyvat tyontekijat nakevat itsensa elakkeelle jaajina tai tyossa jatkajina. Lisaksi tarkastelemme, nakyvatko tyokykyyn, terveyteen tai kuntoutukseen liittyvat teemat kategorisoinneissa. Tavoitteena on ymmartaa tyoelamassa jatkamiseen tai elakkeelle siirtymiseen liittyvia tekijoita yksiloiden nakokulmista. Aineistona oli 35 yli 40-vuotiaan tyontekijan tai toimihenkilon haastattelua neljasta eri yrityksesta. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolahtoisesti jasenkategorisoinnin analyysilla. Aineistosta loytyi nelja tapaa jarkeilla suhdetta tyohon ja elakoitymiseen: leivantienaajien, velvollisuudentuntoisten, tekemista tarvitsevien ja tyosta nauttivien. Nama kategoriat sisaltavat myos kasityksia tyokyvyn ja kuntoutuksen merkityksesta. Ainoastaan tyosta nauttivat ovat kiinnostuneita jatkamaan tyouraa elakeian jalkeen. Heille tyon sisallolla on suuri merkitys. Leivantienaajille tyolla on valineellinen merkitys toimeentulon lahteena – jonka myos lottovoitto toisi. Velvollisuudentuntoisille tyoelamassa pysyminen asetettuun elakeikarajaan saakka nayttaytyy itsestaanselvyytena. Tekemista tarvitsevilla taas esimerkiksi omaisten hoivaaminen voisi korvata tyoelaman.  Eri kategorioissa tehdaan paatoksia tyossa jatkamisesta erilaisin perustein. Kaikissa kategorioissa tuotiin kuitenkin esille terveyden, tyossa jaksamisen ja tyokyvyn merkitys. Tutkimuksessa on tarkea keskittya arvioimaan erilaisten kannusteiden merkitysta tyossa jatkamiselle erilaisissa ryhmissa. Jaksamisen tukemiseen seka tyokyvyn yllapitoon ja parantamiseen tarvitaan henkilokohtaistettuja ratkaisuja. Abstract Ageing employees reasoning work and retirement Working careers of ageing employees are expected to extend in Finland, as well as internationally. Previous research has revealed various factors on individual and organisational level that have an impact on longer working careers. This article describes how ageing employees see themselves as retiring or continuing at work by the means of category analysis. It also explores if the themes of work ability, health or rehabilitation are found in categorisations. The aim of the study is to understand factors related to retiring or continuing work from the individual point of view.  The data consists of 35 interviews of employees 40 years of age or above in four enterprises.  Data were analysed data-driven by membership category analysis. Four different ways to reason one’s attitude to work and retirement were found:  those of breadwinners, dutiful ones, those who need activities and those who enjoy working. These categories also include perceptions on the significance of an ability to work and rehabilitation. Only those who enjoy working are interested to continue in working life beyond their retirement age. The content and meaning of work is very important to them. To a breadwinner work is instrumental in earning one’s living – which would also be fulfilled by winning in lottery. Dutiful ones think it is self-evident to stay in working life until the institutional retirement age but not beyond. Those who need activities could compensate paid work for caring.  People in different categories make decisions on continuing in working life on different grounds. However, the significance of health, coping at work and ability to work were mentioned as decisive factors in all categories. It is suggested that it is important to focus on evaluating the meaning of incentives for continuing work in different groups. In addition, personalised solutions are needed in supporting workers to cope at work and also in maintaining and improving their working ability.  Keywords: continuing at work, retirement, vocational rehabilitation, membership category analysis