Nonlinear Landau damping of plasma waves with orbital angular momentum

We present, using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, an observation that orbital angular momentum (OAM) is transferred to resonant electrons proportionally to longitudinal momentum when Laguerre-Gaussian plasma waves are subjected to Landau damping. A higher azimuthal mode number leads to a larger net orbital angular momentum transfer to particles traveling close to the phase velocity of the plasma wave, implying a population of electrons that are orbiting the same center of rotation as the plasma wave. This observation has implications on magnetic field excitation as a result of the formation and damping of OAM plasma waves. The energy distributions of electrons in damping Laguerre-Gaussian plasma waves are significantly changed as a function of azimuthal mode number. This leads to larger numbers of lower energy particles tending towards a significant narrowing of the energy distribution of accelerated particles.