High-conductive nanostructures in biochemical studies: fluorescence enhancing

Fluorescence techniques are widely used in biomedical research due to their high sensitivity, multiplex sensing possibility, compatibility with living organisms and high response speed [1–3]. It is possible to study living cells and even whole organisms by using fluorescence spectroscopy [2, 4, 5]. Fluorescence is a rapid and sensitive method for studying the structure, kinetics and functions of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins [6–9]. Recently, nanoscale fluorescent emitters has attracted special attention for application in biological studies [10, 11]. In a short time, a number of applications has been found for these objects in clinical diagnostics [12], environmental monitoring [13], food quality control [14], biological weapons detection [15] and in various related fields. This diversity of applications is provided by bionanointeractions that allow delivery of nanoparticles to the biologically important systems to obtain information about them and even to change their properties [16–18]. Significant progress has been achieved in the application of highconductive plasmonic nanomaterials for biochemical and diagnostic applications [19]. This review describes existing approaches for the development of sensors and biodiagnostic instruments based on surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) [20, 21] as well as the developed method and the device for its application.