FEM analysis of birefringence, dispersion and nonlinearity of graphene coated photonic crystal fiber

Abstract A novel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) is proposed to concurrently achieve ultra-high nonlinearity, birefringence, and numerical aperture profile. Also, the model consists of a single core design with a series of air holes that are arranged in a rectangular manner. However, the entire analysis is finished through by COMSOL Multiphysics software with 235430 mesh elements using the finite element method (FEM) for 0.1 μm–1.5 μm wavelength. In fact, the evanescent fields of the structure help to the simulation process and that exhibit the performance profile with an ultra-high birefringence of 0.17, the outstanding high numerical aperture of 0.80 and ultra-high nonlinearity of 7.1 × 10 24  W −1 Km −1 . From the designed model, an outstanding negative dispersion of −6533 ps/(nm.km) has been derived which is highly beneficial for optical communication. Nonetheless, graphene is used as a core material and silica is used in the core-cladding region to compensate for unwanted radiation. Simplicity in geometry makes it more acceptable in the fabrication process. To sum up, the overall performance of the PCF makes it more appropriate in optical propagation of non-telecom and telecom applications.