Attitude toward antipsychotic medication as a predictor of antipsychotic treatment discontinuation in first-episode early-onset psychosis.

Abstract Background Antipsychotic drug discontinuation is a key risk factor in psychosis relapses. Clinical relapse is related to poor outcome, especially in the earlier stages of psychotic illness. The attitude toward treatment during the acute phase of a first episode of psychosis has been proposed as one of the main determinants of treatment discontinuation. However, the relationship between attitude toward antipsychotic medication and treatment discontinuation in the adolescent population has not been properly assessed. Methods Adolescents, aged 12–18 years old, consecutively admitted to an adolescent unit with a first lifetime admission for a first episode of psychosis were asked to participate in a randomized, flexible-dose, 6-month controlled trial of olanzapine versus quetiapine. Attitude toward antipsychotic medication was assessed using the 10-item Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI). The outcome variable was all-cause treatment discontinuation over the 6-month follow-up. The study sample was composed of 42 patients (34 boys [82.9%], 8 girls [17.1%]; mean age [SD], 16.1 [1.3]). Results Of the 42 patients, only 29 (69%) continued the medication throught the entire 6-month follow-up, while 13 (31%) discontinued the medication. DAI scores were greater than zero at all assessments, indicating that the general attitude of the patients toward medication was positive. Higher DAI scores at baseline were related to lower all-cause treatment discontinuation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68–0.96], P  = .016), while DAI scores at 15 days were unrelated to treatment discontinuation (adjusted HR = 1.0 [95% CI, 0.82–1.23], P  = .998). Conclusions A better attitude toward antipsychotic medication at a first lifetime psychiatric admission for a first early-onset psychotic episode was significantly related to lower all-cause antipsychotic treatment discontinuation.