Chronic pain, associated factors, and impact on daily life: are there differences between the sexes? Dor crônica, fatores associados e infl uência na vida diária: existe diferença entre os sexos?

Abstract This pioneering cross-sectional study in Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Brazil, aimed to compare men and women with chronic pain by identifying as-sociated factors and characterizing the pain and its impact on daily life. Considering an expected prevalence of 25%, 95% confidence interval, and 3% precision, a cluster sample of 1,597 individu-als was selected. The descriptive analysis showed a predominance of women, age bracket of 18 to 29 years, and brown skin color. Prevalence of chronic pain was higher in women than in men. Risk factors were analyzed with logistic regres-sion. Increasing age was an associated risk fac-tor for chronic pain in both sexes. In women, 12 or more years of schooling were associated with lower prevalence of chronic pain, and divorce or widowhood was associated with higher preva-lence. Lower back pain and headache were the two most frequently reported sites. There was no difference between the sexes in time since onset or intensity of pain. Chronic pain had a greater im-pact on daily life for women and generated more feelings of sadness.Chronic Pain; Chronic Disease; Sex Characteristics