LONG TERM RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS OF GAMMA NAIL (GN) AND PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL (PFN) IN PERITROCHANTERIC HIP FRACTURES

Purpose: The assessment of long term results and complications rate using the GN and PFN nailing systems for the treatment of peritrochanteric fractures of the femur. Material-Methods: Between 1991–2002, 195 patients (102 male, 93 female, average age 61.2 years) with a peritrochanteric fracture of the femur (80 A2, 86 A3, 12 pathological, and 17 combined) underwent intra-medullary nailing with the GN (134 patients) or the PFN (61 patients) system. Mean follow up period was 6.5 years. Outcome analysis included time of healing, delayed union or nonunion, infection, hip function (Salvati & Wilson scale), technical complications (cut out, Z effect, malrotation) and mechanical failures (bending fatigue, loosening, breakage of the implant or screws and fracture below the tip of the nail). Intraoperative difficulties in the application of the nails or screws were registered as well. Results: Solid union of the fracture was achieved in 171 cases (87.6 %). 25 patients died from reasons unrelated to the implant. The overall complication rate was 20.51 % (10 infections, 3 nonunions, 5 implant breakages, 11 cut-out of the neck screws, 5 Z effects and 6 distal screws failures. The Salvati and Wilson score was > 30 in 121 patients (71.1%). Conclusions: Use of the GN and PFN systems yielded good results in our study. Technical or mechanical complications were mostly related to the operative technique and the type and preoperative reduction of the fracture, rather than these systems themselves. Z effect is a specific complication of PFN in cases with a fracture reduction in varus, especially when comminution of the medial cortex is present.