Le Syndrome Coronarien Aigu dans le Service de Cardiologie du CHU du Point G : Prévalence, Clinique, Thérapeutique et Évolution

2018 
RESUME Objectif. Le but de l’etude etait d’etudier les aspects cliniques et therapeutiques du syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) dans le service de cardiologie du CHU du Point G. Methodologie. Il s’agit d’une etude transversale descriptive portant sur tous les dossiers de malades hospitalises dans le service de cardiologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) du Point G du 1er janvier 2015 au 31 decembre 2017. L’echantillon etait constitue de 114 patients repondant aux criteres inclusifs, recrutes parmi une population de 3288 malades hospitalises. Resultats. La prevalence hospitaliere du SCA etait de 3,5%. La distribution etait croissante selon les annees et la predominance etait masculine (59,6 % des cas). L’âge moyen etait de 58,8 ± 24 ans avec des extremes de 29 et 87 ans. L’hypertension arterielle (HTA) etait le principal facteur de risque cardiovasculaire (65,8 %). La douleur thoracique etait le signe fonctionnel dominant (91,2%). La tension arterielle etait pathologique chez 48,2 % des patients a l’admission. Les Stades Killip 3 et 4 constituaient 6,2 % des patients. 84,2% de nos patients ont ete recrutes au-dela de 12 heures du debut de leurs symptomes. A l’ECG, le SCA ST+ constituait 70,2 % des aspects et 71 % des patients avaient deja necrose. 96,5 %) des patients ont beneficie de l’aspirine et 74,6 % du Clopidogrel. Un seul malade (0,8 %) a beneficie de la thrombolyse avec du Streptokinase. La mortalite hospitaliere etait de 7 %. Conclusion. Le syndrome coronaire aigu est de plus en plus frequent au Mali. Sa prise en charge pose plusieurs problemes inherents aux longs delais de consultation et de prise en charge des malades ainsi qu’a l'absence de salle de coronarographie. ABSTRACT Aim. The goal of the study was to describe the clinical pattern and the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology department of the Point G. University Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study of inpatients in the cardiology department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) Point G from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The study concerned 114 patients meeting the inclusive criteria, recruited from a population of 3288 inpatients. Results: The hospital prevalence of ACS was 3.5%. The frequency was growing with age and the males were most commonly affected (59.6%). The average age was 58.8 ± 24 years with extremes of 29 and 87 years. Hypertension was the main cardiovascular risk factor (65.8%). Chest pain was the min functional sign (91.2%). Blood pressure (BP) was high in 48.2% of patients on admission. Killip Stages 3 and 4 accounted for 6.2% of patients. 84.2% of patients were recruited beyond 12 hours of the onset of their symptoms. On ECG, ST + SCA accounted for 70.2% while 71% of patients had necrosis. 96.5% patients were taking aspirin and 74.6% Clopidogrel. Only one patient (0.8%) had thrombolysis with streptokinase. Hospital mortality was 7%. Conclusion. Acute coronary syndrome is an emerging condition in Mali. Its management poses several challenges due to the long delays of consultation and management and to the lack of coronary angiography.
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