Analysis of HLM on PISA 2003 based on Networked Readiness Index of Countries and Mathematics Learning of Students

The purpose of this study is to investigate the PISA 2003 database by Hierarchical Linear model (HLM). The plan of PISA 2003 aimed at the evaluation of mathematics learing of 15-year-old students. The sample included 41 countries. There will be estimation errors if all the task-takers were put in the same level when it went to analyze all the casual relation between the variables of countries and students. Therefore, HLM of two levels is used to analyze the PISA 2003 database. The unit in level-1 is students. The variables belonging to the level-1 are mathematics cognition, mathematics view and mathematics thinking. As to the level-2, the unit is countries and the variable is Networked Readiness Index (NRI). There are four submodels in this study. Based on the four submodels, the relationship between mathematics learning of students and NRI of countries are clearly understood. Finally, some suggesstions and recommendations for future research are provided.