Оксидативний стрес у пацієнтів із високим серцево-судинним ризиком

According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of premature death and disability, especially among people of working age. The development of CVD depends on factors that can be modified (cholesterol level, body weight, smoking and blood pressure) and those that cannot be modified (age, sex, and heredity). Oxidative stress (OS) plays a leading role among atherosclerotic risk factors such as arterial hypertension (AH), dyslipidemia, peripheral artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity. OS and immunoinflammatory changes, which are part of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunction, can provoke each other by the principle of «vicious circle». CVD is much more common in patients with diabetes mellitus, and OS plays a leading role. Population studies have shown that 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from CVD. Against the background of hyperglycemia, OS is exacerbated, which leads to damage of β-cells of the islets of Langerhans and accelerates the progression of cardiovascular complications. Antioxidantsare indicated to prevent and eliminate diseases caused by OS. In recent decades, a number of studies have focused on the exogenous inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the addition of exogenous antioxidants, which has not always been effective. Therefore, strengthening the endogenous antioxidant capacity may be a more effective method of OS correction. The positive effect of modern drugs used in cardiac practice may be due not only to their directaction, but also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The article presents current data on the systems involved in the formation and detoxification of ROS, the relationship between OS and CVD, which will better understand the mechanisms of development and progression of CVD that occur against OS, to develop new strategies for improving endogenous antioxidant protection, preventing the development, progression of complications and CVD mortality,especially in patients at high and very high risk of CVD.