An Integrative Review of the Role of Palliative Care in Lung Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Lung transplant patients experience significant physical symptoms and psychological stress that affect their quality of life. Palliative care is an interdisciplinary specialty associated with improved symptom management and enhanced quality of life. Little, however, is known about the palliative care needs of lung transplant patients and the role it plays in their care. AIM: The aim of this integrative review was to synthesize the literature describing the palliative care needs, the current role, and factors influencing the integration of palliative care in the care of lung transplant patients. DESIGN/DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase to identify English-language, primary studies focused on palliative care in adult lung transplantation. Study quality was evaluated using Strengthening the Report of Observational studies in Epidemiology and Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research criteria. RESULTS: Seven articles were included in the review. Most were single-center, descriptive studies. Two studies used qualitative and 5 used quantitative methodologies. Collectively, these studies suggest that palliative care is typically consulted for physical and psychological symptom management, although consultation is uncommon and often occurs late in the lung transplant process. We found no studies that systematically assessed palliative needs. Misperceptions about palliative care, communication challenges, and unrealistic patient/family expectations are identified barriers to the integration. While limited, evidence suggests that palliative care can be successfully integrated into lung transplant patient management. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical literature about palliative care in lung transplantation is sparse. Further research is needed to define the needs and opportunities for integration into the care of these patients.