Congenital Diseases of the Optic Nerve

Congenital diseases of the visual pathway include developmental abnormalities and hereditary diseases. The recognition of developmental abnormalities, i.e., congenital optic disc anomalies is of great significance. On the one hand, they are not rare; on the other hand, they can cause a differential diagnostic challenge: they can be confused with papilledema, they can cause visual field defects, they can be accompanied by central nervous system malformations, but they can also cause dysfunctions in the retina and macula lutea.