Análise Temporal da Cobertura da Terra do Município de Petrópolis/RJ numa Abordagem Pós-classificação de Detecção de Mudanças (Temporal Analysis of Land Cover in the City of Petrópolis/RJ Approach a Post-classification Change Detection)

Os estudos de mudancas entre os usos e coberturas da terra tem sido um campo crescente de pesquisa nas ultimas decadas, pois auxiliam o ordenamento e gestao do territorio, servindo de base para planejamento de acoes futuras. O presente trabalho objetiva localizar as mudancas na cobertura da terra, utilizando tres cenarios temporais (Imagens Landsat TM 5 datadas de 1985, 1994 e 2011). A area de estudo corresponde ao municipio de Petropolis, na Regiao Serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, uma area que historicamente sofre com ocupacoes desordenadas e movimentos de massa. Os mapas tematicos foram gerados por tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto, com uma classificacao orientada a objetos, modelagem fuzzy e hierarquizacao entre as classes. As mudancas foram quantificadas e mapeadas utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento para a intersecao destes dados, numa abordagem pos-classificacao de deteccao de mudancas. Foram detectados 2.628 hectares de mudancas, correspondentes a 3,36 % da area do municipio. A mudanca mais expressiva foram os desmatamentos, sendo tambem observados na paisagem, expansoes urbanas e regeneracoes. E importante observar a predominância das urbanizacoes nos 3 primeiros distritos, e o desmatamento e a regeneracao no 4o e 5o distritos. 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} A B S T R A C T Studies of changes between uses and land cover has been a growing field of research in recent decades, as they help the planning and management of the territory, serving as a basis for planning future actions. This paper aims to locate the urban expansions, using three scenarios temporal (Landsat 5 TM images dated 1985, 1994 and 2011). The study area corresponds to the city of Petropolis, in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, an area that historically suffers from disordered occupations and mass movements. Thematics maps were generated by remote sensing techniques, with an object-oriented classification, modeling and fuzzy hierarchy between classes. The changes were quantified and mapped using GIS tools to the intersection of these data, an approach post-classification change detection. 2628 hectares were detected changes, corresponding to 3.36% of the municipal area. The most significant changes were deforestation, were also observed in the landscape, urban expansions and regenerations. It is important to note the predominance of urbanization in the first 3 districts, and deforestation and regeneration in the 4th and 5th districts. Keywords: Change Detection, Remote Sensing, Geoprocessing