Celiac Disease: Risk of Hepatitis B Infection.

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and risk of HBV infection in patients with celiac disease (CD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2009-2014) to assess the rate of HBV vaccination, immune response, and HBV infection risk in patients with and without CD. We also determined the rate of HBV infection via retrospective analysis of 2 cohorts: 1) patients seen at Mayo Clinic (1998-2021), and 2) a stable longitudinally observed cohort, the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP; 2010-2020). RESULTS Based on the NHANES data, the rate of HBV infection in the US was 0.33% (95% CI, 0.25%-0.41%). Of 93 patients with CD, 46 (49%) were vaccinated for HBV and of the remaining 19,422 without CD, 10,228 (53%) were vaccinated. Twenty-two (48%) vaccinated patients with CD had HBV immunity and 4,405 (43.07%) vaccinated patients without CD had HBV immunity, which was not statistically different. In NHANES data there were no cases of HBV infection in patients with CD. During the study period, 3,568 patients with CD were seen at Mayo Clinic and 3,918 patients with CD were identified using the REP database. Of those patients with CD, only 4 (0.11%) at Mayo Clinic and 9 (0.23%) of the REP patients had HBV infection. CONCLUSION The rate of HBV vaccination and immunity were similar in individuals with and without CD. Predictably, no increased risk of HBV infection was detected in CD patients. These results do not support screening and revaccination practice for HBV immunity in patients with CD within the US.