CD40–CD40 ligand interactions in oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular disease

CD40 ligand (CD40L) and its receptor CD40 participate in numerous inflammatory pathways that contribute to multiple pathophysiological processes. A role for CD40–CD40L interactions has been identified in atherosclerosis, and such interactions are known to destabilize atherosclerotic plaques by inducing the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases and pro-coagulant factors. The CD40–CD40L interaction has also been implicated in immune system disorders. Recent studies have suggested that CD40–CD40L interactions regulate oxidative stress and affect various signaling pathways in both the immunological and cardiovascular systems. Here, we discuss the emerging role of CD40–CD40L-mediated processes in oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways and vascular diseases. Understanding the roles and regulation of CD40–CD40L-mediated oxidative signaling in immune and non-immune cells could facilitate the development of therapeutics targeting diverse inflammatory diseases.