Identification of the titanium‐related levels in GaP

Deep level transient spectroscopy, deep level optical spectroscopy, and optical absorption experiments were carried out in n‐ and p‐type Ti‐doped GaP crystals grown by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski technique. The single acceptor level of substitutional titanium Ti3+/Ti2+ was identified by deep level transient spectroscopy at an energy of 0.50±0.02 eV from the conduction band. The Ti2+ intracenter transitions were detected by deep level optical spectroscopy and optical absorption about 0.63 and 1.03 eV. The Ti4+/Ti3+ donor level was found at about 1±0.2 eV from the top of the valence band. The position of these two levels is found in complete agreement with the position of titanium‐related levels in GaAs and in InP.