Evaluación de lesiones macroscópicas de los diferentes lóbulos pulmonares en la especie porcina usando un modelo de clasificación porcentual

Respiratory diseases in pigs have a great economic impact, considering it is one of the main problems in intensive swine production. The objective of this study was to macroscopically evaluate the different pulmonary lobes in a processing plant located center-west of Risaralda, using a percentage qualification model. Through a descriptive study, 358 lungs were evaluated during the evisceration phase, the specimens came from 9 lots of different farms. Data was collected according to the degree of macroscopic lesion observed for each of the pulmonary lobes in percentages. With this data, averages were taken for each of the lobes and compared between the total of samples observed and for each of the lots. In addition, more specific lesions were evaluated on a scale of 0-5 as indicators of pleurisy and scarring. The analysis of the macroscopic observations showed that the majority of the lungs, presented some degree of lesion with an 85% (305/358) while only 15% (53/358) showed no type of lesion. 13% (43/358) presented lesions indicative of pleurisy and 71% (253/358) showed scarring. The comparison of the lesion averages between the different pulmonary lobes showed that the most affected was the right cardiac lobe with an average value of 2.10% while the least affected was the accessory lobe with an average value of 0.97%. In this study it was found that the right and left cardiac lobes were the most affected out of the totality of lungs evaluated, these results can be related to the respiratory signs, the health status and the productive parameters of the different batches in the farm, helping to determine a presumptive or final etiological diagnosis. This shows that the percentage evaluation method could be a quick and effective tool for the study of postmortem lesions in processing plants.