Perioperative management of massive hemoptysis during flexible bronchoscopy: Case report

Abstract Flexible bronchoscopy is a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure with a low incidence of complications (0.08–6.8%). Bleeding after transbronchial biopsy is a rare complication (0–2.8% of the cases), usually resulting in minor bleeding that resolves with local measures. There is no clear definition of massive hemoptysis and due to the low incidence of this condition, there are no practical guidelines for the treatment of this complication that may be catastrophic. This case discusses the occurrence of massive hemoptysis during a transbronchial biopsy under flexible bronchoscopy, including a literature review on perioperative management.