ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КАЛЮСОГЕНЕЗУ І МОРФОГЕНЕЗУ ПЕРВИННИХ ЕКСПЛАНТАТІВ IN VITRO РІЗНИХ ГЕНОТИПІВ РІПАКА (BRASSICA NAPUS L.)

Currently there is important the creation of new genotypes of rape, combining high productivity,technological qualities, as well as resistance to various environmental stressors, based on the use of the newpractical developments to improve breeding materials of this crop. One of the effective biotechnologicalmethods which allows to expedite the reproduction of valuable breeding material and obtain a new one is theuse of morphogenesis of callus biomass. The study was conducted in the training laboratory of plantbiotechnology of the Department of Ecobiotechnology and Biodiversity of National University of Life andEnvironmental Sciences of Ukraine. There were studied 9 varieties and hybrids of winter and springrapeseed: Danhal, Chornyi veleten, Nelson, Aliot, NK Petrol, NK Тechnic, Cliff, Geros. Callus tissue wasplanted on 3 variants of Murasige-Skoog medium with different growth regulators 6-BAP, IOC, NOC, 2,4-D.As a result of study it was found that the formation of callus on the K1 medium was observed on the 7th dayof cultivation, on the 12th day 72–100% of the explosives formed the calluses. On the second nutrientmedium K2 compared to medium K1 a slight decrease in the growth index of rapeseed was found. Theformation of callus tissue was observed, which differed in morphological features and a slight increase inbiomass, the minimum weight was 122,0 mg and the maximum – 187,9 mg. On K3 medium, a low callusgrowth index with the lowest mass was observed, with the exception of the Nelson winter rapeseed variety, inwhich the index increased 1.7 times. The formation of callus tissue of dense consistency of varieties andhybrids of winter and spring rapeseed was observed for 21 days on medias K1 and K2. The medium with theaddition of 6-BAP, where later leaf and stem structures were found from the morphogenetic callus, was usedfor the regeneration of explants of different rapeseed genotypes. Thus, according to the results of the study, itwas found that the optimal medium for the growth of morpho- and callusogenesis is the medium containing6-BAP, on which the formation of a dense callus was observed in almost all rapeseed genotypes.