Interventions dans le domaine du sport : le protocole d’optimisme Interventions in the field of sport: Protocol of optimism

Optimism can be envisaged according to various approaches. It is possible to envisage it according to a direct point of view as, for example, the proposition of Carver and Scheier (1982) and the concept of dispositional optimism. It is also possible to envisage an indirect point of view as Abramson et al. (1978) and the concept of optimistic explanatory style. Whatever is the reserved option, the optimism is mainly associated ∗ Auteur correspondant. Adresse e-mail : charles.martin-krumm@wanadoo.fr (C. Martin-Krumm). 1269-1763/$ – see front matter © 2012 Societe francaise de psychologie. Publie par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves. doi:10.1016/j.prps.2012.02.001 Author's personal copy 190 M. Regourd-Laizeau et al. / Pratiques psychologiques 18 (2012) 189–204 with beneficial effects, and what whatever the contexts are: health, workplace, school, or sports performance. Consequently, techniques intended to increase the level of optimism became crucial in various domains and have been finalized. The main contribution of this article is to present some of these techniques and to develop more precisely the contribution of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the development of an optimistic explanatory style in the field of sports. Limits but also promising perspectives are discussed. © 2012 Societe francaise de psychologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.