Jet Ignition as an Enabling Technology for Stable, Highly Dilute Hydrogen Combustion in Off-Road and Heavy Duty Engines

With a trend towards a zero-carbon dioxide (CO2) tailpipe future, driven by legislation and societal factors, engine manufacturers globally are investigating the use of alternative fuels that can minimize or eliminate tailpipe CO2. Hydrogen (H2) has re-emerged as a viable alternative fuel for combustion engines, aided by its relative flexibility to operating condition resulting from a wide flammability range, and the diversity of H2 production sources. An increasing share of H2 production is accomplished through the use of renewable energy, providing improved well-to-tank / cradle to grave and total life-cycle CO2 budgets. H2 as a combustion fuel is exceptionally prone to abnormal combustion, e.g.