Transport and Technological Flowsheets for Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel from Nuclear Submarines Under Utilization in the Northwest Region & the Far East Region of Russia: Problems and Solutions

Unprepared both legally nor technically, the decommissioning of a large number of Nuclear Powered Vessels (NPVs) during a rather short period of time (peaked in 1993–1997) resulted in a sharp aggravation of the problem of nuclear & radiation safety for the Russian Navy NPVs and for their basing areas. The lack of a worked over concept regarding NPV utilization gave birth to many problems requiring urgent solutions.