In-vivo imaging of the conventional aqueous outflow system.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of in-vivo imaging techniques of the aqueous outflow system and discuss its role in improving our understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis and management. RECENT FINDINGS Our understanding of the aqueous outflow system is largely derived from ex-vivo studies. Recent innovations in imaging technology and techniques enable in-vivo evaluation of the conventional outflow system in real-time. Optical coherence tomography allows for noninvasive, high-resolution, volumetric imaging of ocular tissues. Dynamic structural changes have been observed at the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. In parallel, aqueous angiography using injected tracers show a similar dynamism with variable and pulsatile flow signals. SUMMARY In-vivo imaging enable real-time evaluation of the conventional aqueous outflow pathway. This emerging field shows great promise to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.