In Vitro–In Vivo Translation of Lipid Nanoparticles for Hepatocellular siRNA Delivery

Development of biomaterials for applications in drug delivery, stem cell therapy, and tissue engineering can be a laborious, resource-intensive process. In an attempt to maximize research productivity while reducing laboratory expenses, many biomaterial development efforts test materialsin vivoonly if favorable effects are first achievedin vitro. 1!3 In principle, this allows a lab to test and optimize a larger number of compounds in cell culture while minimizing costs associated with animal testing. Unfortunately,in vitroexperiments often fall short in the prediction ofin vivo activity, and the translation of initially promising cell culture results into animals remains a critical bottleneck in the development of