Carrageenan supply chains in Indonesia

Increasing global demand and new product development of carrageenan will increase in the future. Therefore, it will affect to carrageenan supply chains, especially in Indonesia. The purposes of this study are to analyse the members and the flow of material and energy of carrageenan supply chains. Primary and secondary data were collected through field survey, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis. Flow of material and energy was modelled by the software Umberto NXT Universal 7.0. The primary actors of a carrageenan supply chain are seaweed farmers, local traders, large traders or exporters, and carrageenan processors. Seaweed suppliers, farmers, local traders, and large traders/exporters exist in Sulawesi Island. Most of the carrageenan companies are national base existing in Java Island. About 75% of semi-raw dried seaweed containing carrageenan is exported. The material and energy for producing refined carrageenan are larger than semi refined carrageenan.