Comprehensive Study on Internet of Things (IoT) and Design Considerations of Various Microstrip Patch Antennas for IoT Applications

IoT has become very imperative and significant since it can be incorporated to almost everything nowadays such as smart cities, smart agriculture, smart homes, and so on. Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is very easy to build and has low production cost which makes it a very good choice in large number of applications. These applications include wireless LAN, mobile satellite communication, and global system for mobile communication, missile, and so on. All these applications owe to certain advantages of microstrip patch antenna such as low profile, low cost, low mass, and very easy to integrate. The resonance of these antennas can be achieved at any frequency by varying various antenna parameters and shape of the patch. The antennas having different shapes of patches have been discussed in this paper. As the technology is growing at a very fast rate, the application of antenna in various fields plays a very crucial role. The antenna has widespread types, and each type has a particular type of application. Power consumption is reduced with the use of microstrip patch antenna. The specific IoT application defines the design and choice of antenna which depends upon various frequency bands and the transmission strength. The paper highlights various antennas which are used very frequently in the applications of IoT along with their frequency bands.