Inverse Relationship of Orally-Based Noetic Processing and Skeuomorphic Formulaicity in the Middle English «Matter of England» Verse Romances

2021 
espanolLos romances en verso del ingles medio de los siglos XIII y XIV suelen mencionarse como ejemplos de la formulacion asociada con la oralidad en los textos de transicion medievales. Esto es cierto tanto cuando se cuentan las formulas de la variedad Parry-Lord segun su teoria de la composicion oral-formulaica como cuando se cuentan las expresiones formulares de manera mas flexible tal como permite la teoria del tradicionalismo oral. Sin embargo, es probable que ambos metodos den una vision exagerada del grado en que el pensamiento oral estuvo involucrado en la composicion de los romances, ya que se centran exclusivamente en las expresiones de estructura formular superficial que no siempre reflejan con precision ideas o marcos de estructura profunda de pensamiento. El presente breve examen de los romances de la ‘materia de Inglaterra’ –un subconjunto de los romances en verso del ingles medio, que abarcan toda la historia del genero– sugiere que, al contrario de lo que cabria esperar, el numero, la longitud y la complejidad de tales expresiones formulares en realidad parecen aumentar a medida que la evidencia del pensamiento puramente oral disminuye. Este hallazgo resulta de medir sucintamente el grado en que cada romance ejemplifica las nueve caracteristicas psicodinamicas que Walter Ong atribuye al pensamiento y la expresion de base oral, cinco de las cuales se refieren a los marcos de estructura profunda del primero mientras que las cuatro restantes se relacionan con los guiones de estructura superficial de la segunda. Como conclusion, se propone que los rastros residuales de oralidad en las expresiones formuladas son menos reflejos autenticos del pensamiento basado en la oralidad que “esqueuomorfos” literarios inventados como tales para dar credibilidad y autenticidad a los cuentos. EnglishThe Middle English verse romances of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries have frequently been referenced as exemplifying the formulaicity associated with orality in medieval transitional texts. This is as true when counting formulae of the Parry-Lord variety according their theory of oral-formulaic composition as it is when counting the more flexibly defined formulaic expressions of the sort permitted under the theory of oral traditionalism. Both methods, however, probably give an inflated view of the extent to which orally-based thinking was involved in composition of the romances, since they focus exclusively on the formulaic surface-structure expressions which do not always accurately reflect deep-structure ideas or frames of thought. The present concise examination of the Matter of England romances – a subset of the Middle English verse romances spanning the lifetime of the genre – suggests that, contrary to what one might expect, the number, length and complexity of such formulaic expressions actually appear to increase as evidence of purely orally-based thought declines. This finding is realized by briefly measuring the extent to which each romance instantiates Walter Ong’s nine psychodynamic characteristics of orally based thought and expression, five of which concern the deep-structure frames of the former with the remaining four concerned with the surface-structure scripts of the latter. It then concludes by proposing that the much-vaunted residual traces of orality in the formulaic expressions are not so much true reflections of orally-based thinking as they are contrived literary “skeuomorphs” masquerading as such in order to lend the tales credibility and authenticity.
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