A REVIEW ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ROUTING PROTOCOL: CHALLENGES IN MULTIPATH TECHNIQUES

A sensor network basically comprises of low cost se nsor nodes which gather data from the environment a nd transmit them to sink, where they will be afterward processed. Owing to the high density of sensor nod es and restricted communication range, packet forwardi ng in sensor networks is regularly achieved through out the multi-hop data transmission. Consequently, rout ing in wireless sensor networks has been counted a significant field of research over the past decade. Thus, we present an inclusive review and present classification on the current routing sensor protoc ols, which are particularly designed for wireless s ensor networks. We emphasize the main motivation behind the development of each routing protocol category and clarify the operation of different protocols in detail related to energy issues, with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the current multipath routing approach is broadly used in wire less sensor networks in order to improve network performance such as load balancing, reliability, fault tolerance, bandwidth aggregation and QoS Improvement. Therefore, in this paper we highlight the notion of the multipath routing approach and its essential ch allenges, additionally the basic motivations for ut ilizing this technique in wireless sensor networks. In addi tion, we contrast and review the state-of-the-art m ultipath routing protocols that based on energy aware method , fault tolerance and QoS multipath routing. At the end of this paper, a characterized comparison has been forwarded on these methods based on the analysis outcome.