Comparative Physicochemical Analysis of Kushta-E-Murdarsang Prepared by Classical and Muffle Furness Method

Aim: Kushta-e-Murdarsang a herbo-mineral calx preparation was prepared as per classical and contemporary method and its physico-chemical and elemental analysis for standardization and safety evaluation (by heavy metal estimation) was performed. Methods: Murdarsang (Litharge mineral) was subjected to Mudabbar / Shodhan (processing) by Sheere- Madar (Latex of Calotropis gigantea Linn. R. Br. ex. Ait.) and calcined by classical and muffle furness method. Comparative Physico-chemical investigation for safety evaluation and standardization were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and other analytical parameters. Results: Both the sample Kushta-e-Murdarsang classical method (KM-CM) and Kushta-e-Murdarsang Muffle Furnace method (KM-MFM) passed specification tests as per Unani Medicine. Both the sample KM-CM and KM-MFM showed presence of heavy metals. In XRD analysis both the samples showed presence of Lead, sample KM-MFM revealed presence of Litharge syn- PbO phase, where KM-CM revealed presence of Lead syn- Pb, Galena syn- Pb S and Litharge syn- PbO phase. In ICP-MS analysis the Cadmium (Cd) content was 0.65 ppm and 0.65 ppm; Mercury (Hg) 54.17 ppm and 68.08 ppm and Arsenic (As) was 21.27 ppm and 0.11 ppm accordingly, in AAS analysis the Lead (Pb) content was 55.0 % and 51.4% in KM-MFM and KM-CM respectively. Conclusion: KM-MFM can be a better choice in respect of only ease of preparation, both the sample prepared by classical along with muffle furnace method contains heavy metal above permissible limit and KM-CM contain reduced quantity of heavy metal in respect of MF method. XRD and other standardization data for the formulation were set in. Key words: Murdarsang, Lead monoxide, Litharge, Unani Medicine, Kushta, Safety.