Effects of Doxazosin on Blood Pressure, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone and Urinary Kallikrein

Doxazosin, a new quinazoline-derivative postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, was studied in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week study. Its effects on blood pressure (BP), heart rate, metabolic functions and renal hormones were analyzed after administration of a single oral morning dose in a 3-phase fashion when administered to 17 patients (11 women, 6 men, 21 to 59 years) with mild to moderate uncomplicated essential hypertension. After titrating the antihypertensive effective dose biweekly from 1 to 8 mg/day and a mean end titration-point dose of 4.14 ± 0.1 mg (mean ± standard error of the mean) at week 8 of treatment, it was adjusted to maintain diastolic BP at levels ≤ 90 mm Hg for up to 12 weeks of treatment when, at a final mean dose of 4.35 ± 0.2 mg/day, BP decreased in all patients by a mean 31 ± 317 ± 2 (supine) and 39 ± 315 ± 3 (standing) mm Hg (p < 0.005) with no increase in heart rate and no “first-dose phenomenon.” Neither the renin-aldosterone system nor electrolyte excretion was significantly affected. Renal function and metabolic parameters also remained unchanged. Urinary kallikrein excretion was augmented 2.47-fold (p < 0.002). There was good tolerance; 1 patient discontinued the study because of dry nose. These results suggest that long-term monotherapy with doxazosin is an effective and safe antihypertensive agent for mild to moderate essential hypertension that stimulates urinary kallikrein excretion.