Combined predictors of neurodevelopment in very low birth weight preterm infants

Abstract Objective To evaluate the combined prognostic value of neurological examination, head circumference and cranial ultrasound for neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) in very low birth weight (VLBW, Methods Prospective follow-up study. Preterm infants with VLWB were assessed for NDD using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning test at 24 months of corrected age. Abnormal neurological examination (≥2 deviant items of Hammersmith neurological examination), microcephaly and major ultrasound abnormalities, each performed at term age, were evaluated as predictors of NDD in a multivariable Poisson model. Results 35/132 infants (26.5%) had NDD. In the multivariable analysis, microcephaly (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.6–6.7) and major ultrasound abnormalities (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.7) were associated to NDD. The combination of the two tests showed the highest positive predictive value (100%; 95% CI, 51%–100%), while the combination of normal neurological examination, no major US findings and normal head size at term showed the highest negative predictive value (89%; 95% CI, 78%–95%). The maximum under receiver operating characteristic curve area was for microcephaly or major ultrasound abnormalities (AUC 0.74 (0.65–0.83)). Conclusion The combination of head circumference, cranial ultrasound and neurological examination at term age is useful to predict NDD in VLBW preterm infants.