The times of of London. THE Russian Press, and the programs of 1881-1882

With the rise of the mass nedia in the nineteenth century;educated Russians began to manifest a special fascinaticn with the  attitudes of foreigners towards all things Russian. (Where but in Russia would a major newspaper offer readers a regular section devoted to "What the foreign press says about Russia?") Consequently,  the extremely hostile reaction of foreign journalisn to the pograns; the anti-jewish riots which broke out in Southern Russia in April 1881, was especially painful for Russian intellectuals. Russian discanfi ture was re-enforced by the fear that these journalistic assaults  presaged fioreign diplomatic initiatives directed against the Russian state.